The term “refraction” refers to the change of direction of a ray eg light, passes from one medium to another.  In the case of the spoon in the jar, it appears as though the spoon beds when we see it through air and then water.  This is what I tried to capture in this sketch.  Like many of my art work, the photo doesn’t do this piece any justice.  It is one of my favourites and can only really be appreciated when seen in person… Refraction was done with graphite pencil, a4 size.